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A construction claim is the assertion of a right that requires either more time or/and payment by either party of the contract (often the contractor) for compensation of the losses brought on by the other party’s failure to uphold their portion of the responsibilities as defined in the contract.
The compensation often involves extra payment
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The embodied energy of building material is the total non-renewable energy or primary energy (carbon released) used throughout its entire life cycle, i.e., extraction, manufacturing, construction, maintenance, and disposal.
In other words, it is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions attributed to the material during its life cycle.
Embodied energy is a parameter evaluated to
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Mudjacking is a concrete leveling process that involves pumping a material underneath a sunken concrete surface to lift it to the intended elevation.
The settled concrete surface, like slabs, pavement, or driveway, is jacked up by pumping mud or soil to provide required support and elevation.
This article discusses the
Scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a low-cost device that can harness energy from wind as gentle as a light breeze and store it as electricity.
When exposed to winds with a velocity as low as two metres per second (m/s), the device can produce a voltage of three volts and generate electricity power of up
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Pumping lightweight aggregate concrete is challenging due to the high water absorption of the aggregate in it which results in issues such as segregation, slump loss, inconsistent mix, etc. Therefore, engineers and contractors should consider appropriate strategies to overcome problems associated with pumping lightweight aggregate concrete.
ACI 213R-03 recommends several measures to improve the pumpability
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Concrete discoloration is simply the change of the designated color of concrete. This could be due to the presence of calcium chloride in concrete, cement and additives, improper curing, environmental conditions, and faulty finishing works.
Discoloration can be minimized by reducing the effect of the factors mentioned above. However, if a contractor encounters dark spots,
